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Achalasia
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Alcoholic liver disease
Types of alcoholic liver disease Alcohol-related Fatty Liver Disease Alcoholic…
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B12 deficiency
Vitamin B12 is a critical water-soluble vitamin, essential for normal…
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Barrett’s oesophagus
a change in cell type: from esophageal squamous to specialized…
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Cholecystectomy short and Long-Term Effects
Cholecystectomy Short-Term Effects Cholecystectomy Long-Term Effects Additional Considerations
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Chronic Fatty Diarrhea (Malabsorptive Diarrhea)
Definition: Steatorrhea refers to the passage of pale, bulky, foul-smelling,…
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Cirrhosis
A diffuse process characterized by fibrosis of the liver with…
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Clostridium difficile infection
Risk Factors Symptoms decrease the incidence of C. difficile by
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Coeliac disease
Pathophysiology Presentation Diagnosis/ Investigations When to test for coeliac disease…
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Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative colitis
Crohn’s Disease Ulcerative Colitis Epidemiology Younger people Smokers – 3-4 times…
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Diarrhoea
Red flag Potential cause Patient history associated respiratory symptoms (Children…
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Diffuse Oesophageal Spasm
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Diverticulitis
Definitions 🔹 Diverticulosis 🔹Diverticular Disease 🔹 Acute Diverticulitis Epidemiology 🔹…
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Dysphagia
Luminal Intrinsic narrowing Extrinsic compression Large bolus Foreign body Inflammatory condition…
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Entamoeba histolytica infection (amoebiasis)
Symptoms Signs Labs Treatment
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Eosinophilic oesophagitis
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Functional Gastric Disorders
Diagnosis: Rome III Pediatric Criteria Note: These are not abdominal…
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Gall bladder polyps
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Gastric Cancer
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Gastroesophageal reflux disease
H. pylori Testing: NPS – StePPIng the appropriate path with…
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Gastrointestinal bleeding
Gastrointestinal bleeding is a frequent presentation in emergency departments and…
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Giardia intestinalis infection (giardiasis)
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H.pylori
Associated conditions Clinical Indications for Diagnosis and treat Test Mechanism…
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Hepatitis
Acutely unwell + jaundice – consider Causes: Infectious causes: Toxin…
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Hepatitis A
Risks Epidemiology Incidence Rates Risk Variability by Traveler Type Global…
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Hepatitis B
Risk Factors Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Prevalence by Region Impact…
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Hepatitis C
Signs of cirrhosis Peripheral Palmar erythemaDupuytren contractureClubbingLeukonychiaPeripheral hair lossAsterixisPetechiae or…
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Hepatocellular carcinoma
Epidemiology Causes Clinical Features Screening for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Hereditary Haemochromatosis
Overview Differential Diagnosis of Raised Ferritin / Secondary Iron Overload…
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Hydatid disease
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Iron deficiency
At risk groups: Women Infants Elderly Athletes Vegetarians ↑requirement (pregnancy,…
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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Criteria (Rome IV criteria for the diagnosis of irritable bowel…
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Jaundice
Pathophysiology of Jaundice Clinical Presentation of Jaundice Differentials Differential Diagnosis…
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Jaundice – (neonatal)
Underlying Pathophysiology Jaundice occurs when unconjugated bilirubin (insoluble) accumulates in…
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Lactase deficiency (lactose intolerance)
Definition: Lactose Metabolism: Lactase Deficiency: Sources of Lactose: Symptoms of…
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Liver Function Tests (LFTs)
from : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482489/ Liver Anatomy and Function Liver Function Tests…
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Malabsorption syndromes
Detailed Etiology and Pathophysiology Fat Malabsorption Carbohydrate Malabsorption Protein Malabsorption…
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Mild, Asymptomatic Elevations of ALT and AST
gathered from : https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/1201/p709.html Prevalence General Guidelines Causes of Elevated…
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Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
20% of patients with NASH will develop cirrhosis strongly associated…
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Peptic ulcers
Common Risk Factors for Both Peptic and Duodenal Ulcers Indications…
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Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
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Strongyloidiasis
Symptoms ground itch larva currens (literally “running larvae”) pulmonary manifestations…
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Vibrio Cholerae
Infectivity and Risk Factors History and Physical Evaluation Treatment /…