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Acute Closed-Angle Glaucoma
Pathology of Raised Intraocular Pressure Primary Causes: Precipitating Factors: Secondary…
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Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)
Risks Two types Symptoms Differentials Condition Signs and Symptoms Management…
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Blepharitis
Inflammation of the eyelids/lashes.glands and associated structures with minimal ocular…
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Cataracts
Etiology of Cataracts Traumatic Cataracts Systemic and Endocrine Diseases Secondary…
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Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
Overview: Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO): Non-Ischemic CRVO: Ischemic CRVO:…
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Chalazion and Hordeolum (stye)
Pathophysiology Chalazion Etiology Management Complications Hordeolum Risk Factors Management
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Choloboma
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Conjunctivitis
Allergic conjunctivitis Age Children or adults Aetiology Local response to…
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Corneal foreign body/Corneal abrasion
History: Examination: Slit lamp exam and tonometry: Differentials Management: Follow…
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Cranial nerve palsies
6th nerve palsy Third cranial nerve palsy “down and…
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Dacrocystitis
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Diabetic Retinopathy
Hypertensive Retinopathy
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Dry Eyes
Ocular Surface Components Tear System Anatomy Types of DED Signs…
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Eye Anatomy
Exophthalmus vs proptosis proptosis Exophthalmus Enophthalmos Posterior displacement of the…
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Eye Exam
highly recommend: History Examination The physical examination includes measurement of…
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Eye lesions
Benign melanocytic lesions urgent referral if enlarging or suspicious Vascular…
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Eye lid issues
Trichiasis Ectropion Entropion
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Eye Trauma
Retrobulbar hemorrhage/ orbital compartment syndrome Pathology DDx Examination findings Management…
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Flashes and floaters
OphthalmicFlashes OphthalmicFloaters OphthalmicBoth Flashes and FLoaters Non-opthalmic flashes Posterior vitreous…
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Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
VZV distributions of the fifth cranial nerve (trigeminal nerve), shared…
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Horner’s Syndrome
indrawn eye + small pupil + ptosis (± anhydrosis) → Horner syndrome…
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Hyphaema & Hypopyon
Hypopyon causes: Hyphaema causes Rx: bedrest at 30 degrees, Topical…
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Keratitis
Keratitis is inflammation of the corneal stroma and/or epithelium. Because…
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Nasolacrimal duct obstruction
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Ocular rosacea
Rosacea Ocular Rosacea Clinical Management
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Onychogryphosis
Definition: Onychogryphosis, also known as ram’s horn nail, is a…
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Optic Neuritis
Clinical Treatment / Management: Differential Diagnosis The differential diagnosis of…
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Orbital Cellulitis
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Painful Eye
History Physical Examination Anatomic Assessment External Structures Conjunctiva Sclera Cornea…
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Periorbital vs Orbital Cellulitis
Preseptal cellulitis is an inflammation of the tissues localized anterior…
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Peripheral Visual Loss
Bilateral Hemianopia: Total Blindness in One Eye: Right Incongruous Hemianopia:…
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Posterior vitreous detachment
most common cause of acute onset of flashes and floaters…
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Presbyopia
Etiology Epidemiology Pathophysiology History and Physical Examination Evaluation Treatment /…
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Pterygium & Pinguecula
Pinguecula
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RED EYE
Painless Painful Diffuse Localised redness Abnormal cornea Abnormal eyelid Diffuse…
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Red Eye Reflex
How to Check the Red Reflex What to Look For…
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Retinal Artery Occlusion
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Retinal Detachment
Refer to ophthal to differentiate causes
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Scleritis & Episcleritis
Feature Scleritis Episcleritis Definition Inflammation of the sclera, the white…
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Strabismus (‘squint’)
Common causes of strabismus Primary causes of strabismusRisk factors: – family…
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Strabismus (squint)
Eye turning in (esotropia) Eye turning out (exotropia) Intermittent/variable turning…
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sudden, painless, unilateral vision loss
Nontraumatic causes of transient (<24h) monocular vision loss Nontraumatic causes…
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Trachoma
Non-genital Chlamydia trachomatis Eye Infection Overview A community is classified…
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Uveitis/Iritis
inflammation of the uveal tract. History Investigations may not be…
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Vision problems
1. Myopia (Short-sightedness) 2. Hyperopia (Long-sightedness) 3. Astigmatism 4. Presbyopia…
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Visual Requirements for driving
Visual Acuity Monocular (One-Eyed) Drivers: Diplopia (Double Vision): Visual Field…
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Watery Eyes
AJGP Vol. 53, No. 11 Supplement, November 2024 Definitions and…